Force in Newton's Physics: The science of dynamics in the by Richard S. Westfall

By Richard S. Westfall

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As in reflection, the cloth does nothing to alter the component o f determination parallel to it. Hence in two seconds that component will carry it to a line FE removed from B a distance two-thirds the distance o f A C (see Fig. 4). D raw the circle with radius AB, and the light will arrive at I, where the line FE cuts the circle. ^^ The geometry o f the construction entails the sine law o f refraction, which Descartes was the first to publish. The primary consequence o f the distinction o f force and determination was to remove changes o f direction from die realm o f dynamics.

61. Discourses, p. 181. C f. the final topic o f discussion in the Discourses in which the inevitable sag o f a rope stretched horizontally is used to demonstrate that a pro­ jectile fired horizontally will not strike any target on the same horizontal line no matter how close it is. ‘The curvature o f the path o f the shot fired horizontally appears to result from two forze, one (that o f the weapon) drives it horizontally and the other (its own weight) draws it vertically downward. So in stretching the rope you have theforze which pull it horizontally and its own weight which acts downwards.

Stillman Drake and C . D. O ’Malley, (Philadelphia, i960), p. 311, reprinted by permission o f the University o f Pennsylvania Press. Discourses, p. 181. See Appendix A. Discourses, p. 215. Dialogue, p. 31. , p. 264. Cf. Appendix A. , pp. 177-8. , pp. 154, 142. , pp. 148, 154. , p. 187. , p. 250. C f. History and Demonstrations Concerning Sunspots and Their Pheno­ mena, in Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo, trans. & ed. , Doubleday and Company, Inc. (1957), PP- H 3- i 4 I seem to have observed that physical bodies have physical inclination to some motion (as heavy bodies downward), which motion is exercised by them through an in­ trinsic property and without need o f a particular external mover, whenever they are not impeded by some obstacle.

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