By Akihiro Abe, Karel Dusˇek, Shiro Kobayashi, B. Cappella, M. Geuss, M. Klüppel, M. Munz, E. Schulz, H. Sturm
This learn of polymer technological know-how provides brief and concise reviews at the physics and chemistry of polymers, every one written by way of the realm well known specialists.
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Additional resources for Filler-Reinforced Elastomers Scanning Force Microscopy (Advances in Polymer Science)
Example text
A comparison to the above analyzed N220 and a strongly reinforcing channel gas black demonstrates the relatively large amount of highly energetic sites of these blacks (Fig. 15). A comparison of the adsorption isotherms and the resulting energy distribution functions of three different furnace blacks is shown in Fig. 16. Corresponding to the difference in level and shape of the isotherms the amount of highly energetic sites varies significantly. The black N115 has a large fraction of highly energetic sites, while the N550 shows a small fraction of highly en- Fig.
R is the gas constant, T is temperature, t0 is Frenkel s characteristic adsorption time, s is the adsorption crosssection of the gas molecules, Na is Avogadro s constant, and M is molar mass. Note that the probability that the neighbor sites are occupied with other gas molecules is taken to be the local surface coverage q and not the overall surface coverage Q. This means that sites with the same interaction energies Q are assumed to be arranged in patches, which is in accordance with the picture of graphite like micro crystallites on the surface of the carbon black particles [26].
0), tx, and tR, for various carbon black concentrations F obtained from Fig. 30a, b. The solid lines are adapted to Eqs. , in [135]. The solid lines depicted in Fig. 0)=sdc, tx, and tR according to Eqs. (15), (18) and (20), respectively. 996. The conductivity exponent corresponding to Eq. 4 S/cm. For the two front factors of Eqs. 31013 s. If the estimated fitting parameters are compared to the predicted values of percolation theory, one finds that all three exponents are much larger than expected.