Diffusion MRI Outside the Brain: A Case-Based Review and by Antonio Luna, Ramón Ribes, Jorge A. Soto

By Antonio Luna, Ramón Ribes, Jorge A. Soto

Recent advances in MR know-how let the appliance of diffusion MRI outdoors of the mind. during this ebook, the authors current situations drawn from day-by-day medical perform to demonstrate the position of diffusion sequences, in addition to different morphological and sensible MRI details, within the work-up of various often encountered oncological and non-oncological illnesses. Breast, musculoskeletal, whole-body, and different functions are lined intimately, with cautious rationalization of the professionals and cons of diffusion MRI in every one condition. Quantification and post-processing are mentioned, and suggestion is equipped on the way to gather cutting-edge photographs, and steer clear of artifacts, whilst utilizing 1.5- and 3-T magnets. functions more likely to emerge within the close to destiny, reminiscent of for screening, also are reviewed. the sensible process followed by way of the authors, mixed with the wealth of top of the range illustrations, make sure that this ebook could be of serious price to practitioners.

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A further explanation of this model can be obtained in Fig. 4. 2 Estimation of Quantitative Data 37 Fig. 2 Selection of b values on ADC Maps. In order to obtain a reliable ADC estimation from the DWI study with two different b values, it is necessary to choose the correct b values. In the case where the difference between both b values is very low, the difference in the signal intensity (SI) has small variations being very sensible to noise effects. 1), a graph of the expected exponential signal decay with the variation of the b values is shown.

In the lower-right aspect of the figure, a radial MIP reconstruction of the same acquisition is shown, which achieves a 3D reconstruction of the whole lumbar plexus Further Reading (GRASE) acquisition sequence that combines 180° pulses with different EPI readouts. This strategy makes feasible to use a single-shot acquisition approach controlling the image distortion. The problem of this approach is that it enlarges the TR of the sequence increasing the total acquisition time of the DWI sequence.

1) This tensor is symmetric (ADCij = ADCji, with i, j = X, Y, Z). 60 × 10−3 encoding gradient pulses along only one direction, say X, the signal attenuation not only depends on the diffusion effects along this direction, but it may also include contribution from other directions, say Y and Z. In order to obtain independent information from each direction, it is necessary to obtain the matrix transformation from the MR coordinate system (Fig. 1) to a new coordinate system where all the elements of the tensor described in Eq.

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