By Claus Mattheck, W. Linnard
The chook bone that you nibbled and threw away the previous day was once a high-tech product! in truth it used to be a superlative lightweight layout functionally tailored to the mechanical necessities. No engineer on this planet has as but been capable of replica this structural member, that is excellently optimized in its exterior form and its inner structure as regards minimal weight and greatest power.
The tree trunk on that you lately carved your initials has additionally over the process its existence, progressively more advantageous its inner and exterior constitution and tailored itself optimally to new lots. during its biomechanical self-optimization, it is going to heal the notch you narrow as swiftly as attainable, so as to fix even the smallest weakness, which would differently expense it its existence within the subsequent storm.
This e-book is devoted to the knowledge of this biomechanical optimization of form. and never purely that: With the information of those ideal tactics of self-optimization in nature, thoughts for the development of mechanical structural contributors might be built. already makes use of them. Nature exhibits us how one can eco-design, to machines in keeping with nature's legislation governing buildings and shapes.
CLAUS MATTHECK: Born in Dresden, Germany in 1947. learn of physics in Dresden, PhD in theoretical physics in 1973. Habilitation within the box of wear keep watch over in 1985. Lectures on biomechanics on the college of Karlsruhe. Head of the dept of Biomechanics of the learn Centre in Karlsruhe, the place the implications defined during this ebook have been got. numerous awards in technological know-how and literature.
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Extra info for Design in Nature: Learning from Trees
Sample text
As happens in our human society, an ambitious high-flier quickly emerges and boldly grabs the dud's place. This mechanism is called geotropism. Geotropism: Stand Up Straight! Geotropism, or more accurately negative geotropism, gives the side branches and also the trunk the command: grow erect against gravity. Now, if the leading shoot dies, the side branch previously obeying the demand for distance forgets all its boot-licking subservience and accomplishes sometimes quite incredible feats of bending itself in order to become a leading shoot itself after the old leadership disappears.
The reason for this is probably the greater requirement for lightness in mobile animals as compared with the tree anchored in the ground and which does not need to run about. In simple words adaptive growth can be defined as follows: • Buildup of material at overloaded zones. • No buildup of material (trees) or even reduction of material (bones) at underloaded zones. This staggeringly simple concept is now being transposed into computer methods for simulating adaptive growth. Later, we shall see how real biological components can be imitated in their growth, and engineering components trimmed to maximum durability at minimum weight.
Here again, we have the risk-free stress value which everyone wants as the component stress in the working of the component. This is essentially the uniform stress value after which the axiom of uniform stress is named, and which every tree or bone itself adjusts, tends and nurses by adaptive growth. Equation (11) thus becomes (12) ° ° Thus the stress difference ~oo = 0 - 0 _ 1 is not provided with a place-dependent reference stress 0 _ 1 as in (11), but is the same everywhere. It is particularly successful if the 0ref value is first selected small and is then slowly increased during the iteration up to the desired working stress.