By Wu Ch.-S.
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The products are diverse, including upholstery, luggage fabric, wall coverings, floor coverings, tarpaulins, and shoe uppers. 5 Compounding of PVC for Solid Compositions The purpose of compounding is to blend the resin and additives into a homogeneous well-dispersed form appropriate for further processing. , paste and solutions) or in solid form (as powder or pellets). Solid-phase compounding can be broadly categorized into two types: melt compounding and dry blending. 1 Melt Compounding In this process, a premix is made in a ribbon or tumble blender.
However, polytetramethylene glycol is obtained by acid-catalyzed ring-opening polyaddition. Block copolymers of polyethylene and polypropylene glycols are commonly used in the industry. These are obtained by reacting ethylene oxide with polypropylene glycol or propylene oxide with polyethylene oxide in the presence of a base catalyst. This offers a means of adjusting the ratio of primary and secondary hyroxyl groups. 3 Cross-Linkers and Chain Extenders Cross-linkers and chain extenders are low molecular weight polyfunctional alcohols and amines that act as chain extenders or cross-linkers by reaction with an -NCO group.
3 Film Properties On drying of the dispersion on a substrate, the discrete polymer particles should fuse to form a continuous organic phase with entanglement of polymer chains. Poor fusion leads to poor gloss and poor physical properties of the film [18,21]. If crosslinks are present, the film-forming property decreases. An improvement can be made by adding high boiling, water-miscible solvent in the latex. On evaporation of water, a solution of PU in the solvent is left behind. The solvent on evaporation gives a continuous film.